Sualtı Hokeyi Sporcularının Sportif Özgüven ile Psikolojik Beceri Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Tugba Sahin Kostur; Gulsum Yilmaz

doi:10.70736/spjses.324

Vol. 12 · Issue 3 · 2025 Dec 31, 2025 Research Article

Investigation of Sportive Self-Confidence and Psychological Skill Levels of Underwater Hockey Athletes

Tugba Sahin Kostur Corresponding Istanbul Topkapi University, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul tuba.skostur@hotmail.com Turkey

Gulsum Yilmaz Istanbul Topkapi University, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Istanbul Turkey

Pages343-355 PublishedDec 31, 2025 LicenseOpen Access

PDF (Türkçe)

VOL 12 · ISS 3 · 2025 Sportive Perspective: Journal of Sports and Educational Sciences View issue

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the levels of sport confidence and psychological skills of underwater hockey athletes differ according to gender, age, educational level, and athletic identity. The study group consisted of a total of 361 underwater hockey athletes, including 217 females and 144 males, who were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected through a Personal Information Form, the Sport Confidence Inventory, and the Psychological Skills Assessment Scale for Athletes. The findings revealed that the sport confidence and psychological skill levels of underwater hockey athletes showed statistically significant differences across the examined variables. In terms of age, athletes aged 20 years and younger exhibited significantly higher sport confidence levels than those aged 21-35 and 36 years and older. With respect to educational level, athletes holding master’s and doctoral degrees displayed higher levels of sport confidence, whereas those with a bachelor’s degree exhibited higher psychological skill levels than other groups. Regarding athletic identity, licensed underwater hockey athletes showed significantly higher sport confidence and psychological skill levels compared to amateur athletes. Furthermore, a positive and strong statistically significant relationship was found between sport confidence and psychological skill levels among underwater hockey athletes. In conclusion, the results indicate that male athletes have higher sport confidence and psychological skill levels than female athletes; athletes aged 20 years and younger demonstrate higher sport confidence compared to other age groups; athletes with postgraduate education exhibit higher sport confidence; and increases in educational level are associated with parallel improvements in psychological skill levels. These findings highlight the critical role of psychological factors in achieving athletic success in underwater hockey.

Keywords

#Psychological skills #sport confidence #underwater athletes #underwater hockey

References

Aktepe, K. (1999). Zihinsel antrenman. Aydoğdu Ofset.
Andersen, M. H., Ottesen, L., & Thing, L. F. (2018). The social and psychological health outcomes of team sport participation in adults: An integrative review of research. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 47(8), 832-850. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494818791405
Birrer, D., & Morgan, G. (2010). Psychological skills training as a way to enhance an athlete’s performance in high-intensity sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(Suppl 2), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01188.x
Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (12. Baskı). Pegem Akademi.
Çiftçi, M. C., Tolukan, E., & Yılmaz, B. (2021). Sporcuların zihinsel antrenman becerileri ile sürekli sportif öz güven düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 26(1), 151-162.
Dzewaltowski, D. A. (1989). Toward a model of exercise motivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(3), 251-269. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.11.3.251
Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-98
Engür, M., Tok, S., & Tatar, A. (2006). Durumluluk ve sürekli sportif güven envanterlerinin Türkçeye uyarlanması. 9th International Sport Sciences Congress, Muğla/Türkiye.
Erhan, S. E., Bedir, D., Güler, M. Ş., & Ağduman, F. (2015). Sporcuların psikolojik becerilerini değerlendirme ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerlilik güvenirlik çalışması. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(1), 59-71.
Güler, M. Ş. (2019). Kayak sporcularında kişilik özellikler psikolojik beceri ve algılanan stres arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Kış Sporları ve Spor Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Spor Yönetim Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Erzurum.
İnan, H., Ayaş, B. E., & Kartal, M. (2017). Examining of sport trait self-confidence in tennis branche athletes in terms of various variables. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 4(6), 57-62.
Kerdijk, C., Van der Kamp, J., & Polman, R. (2016). The influence of the social environment context in stress and coping in sport. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(875), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00875
Moritz, S. E., Feltz, D. L., Fahrbach, K. R., & Mack, D. E. (2000). The relation of self-efficacy measures to sport performance: A meta-analytic review. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71(3), 280-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2000.10608908
Özerkan, K. N. (2004). Spor psikolojisine giriş. Nobel Yayınevi.
Richards, K. (2016). How to be confident and improve your self-image. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.
Sivrikaya, M. H., & Ozan, M. (2020). Futbolcuların psikolojik becerilerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(1), 1-12.
Smith, R. E., Schutz, R. W., Smoll, F. L., & Ptacek, J. T. (1995). Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of sport-specific psychological skills: The athletic coping skills ınventory-28. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(4), 379-398. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.17.4.379
Thomas, O., & Mellalieu, S. D. (2008). Stress Management in Applied Sport Psychology. Routledge.
Vealey, R. S. (1986). Conceptualization of sport-confidence and competitive orientation: Preliminary investigation and instrument development. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 8(3), 221-246. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsp.8.3.221
Vurgun, N. (2010). Sporda imgeleme anketinin Türkçeye uyarlanması ve sporda imgelemenin yarışma kaygısı ile sportif güven üzerindeki etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sporda Psiko-Sosyal Alanlar Ana Bilim Dalı, İzmir.
Yaylacı, S. T. (2019). Sportif faaliyetlerin 13-14 yaşındaki bireylerin özgüven düzeylerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hitit Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı, Çorum.
Yazıcı, A. (2019). Spor psikolojisinde yeni yaklaşımlar. Akademisyen Kitabevi.
Yıldız, H. (2020). Taekwondo sporcularının psikolojik beceri düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Spor Yönetim Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Konya.
Yıldız, M. E., & Erhan, S. E. (2019). Kış sporu ile uğraşan sporcuların psikolojik becerilerinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası Egzersiz Psikolojisi Dergisi, 1(1), 24-32.

License

CCBY 4.0

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

This work is openly licensed — share and adapt freely with attribution to the authors and the journal. View license terms ↗

Previous in issue The Impact of BOSU Ball Training on Balance Performance among Elite Volleyball Players: An Experimental Study Next in issue An Examination of Technology Addiction and Attitudes Towards Sports among University Students Studying Sports Education

§ 06 — Related

[1] Aktepe, K. (1999). Zihinsel antrenman. Aydoğdu Ofset.

[2] Andersen, M. H., Ottesen, L., & Thing, L. F. (2018). The social and psychological health outcomes of team sport participation in adults: An integrative review of research. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 47(8), 832-850. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494818791405

[3] Birrer, D., & Morgan, G. (2010). Psychological skills training as a way to enhance an athlete’s performance in high-intensity sports. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(Suppl 2), 78-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01188.x

[4] Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (12. Baskı). Pegem Akademi.

[5] Çiftçi, M. C., Tolukan, E., & Yılmaz, B. (2021). Sporcuların zihinsel antrenman becerileri ile sürekli sportif öz güven düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Gazi Journal of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 26(1), 151-162.

[6] Dzewaltowski, D. A. (1989). Toward a model of exercise motivation. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 11(3), 251-269. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.11.3.251

[7] Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-10-98

[8] Engür, M., Tok, S., & Tatar, A. (2006). Durumluluk ve sürekli sportif güven envanterlerinin Türkçeye uyarlanması. 9th International Sport Sciences Congress, Muğla/Türkiye.

[9] Erhan, S. E., Bedir, D., Güler, M. Ş., & Ağduman, F. (2015). Sporcuların psikolojik becerilerini değerlendirme ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerlilik güvenirlik çalışması. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(1), 59-71.

[10] Güler, M. Ş. (2019). Kayak sporcularında kişilik özellikler psikolojik beceri ve algılanan stres arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Kış Sporları ve Spor Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Spor Yönetim Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Erzurum.

[11] İnan, H., Ayaş, B. E., & Kartal, M. (2017). Examining of sport trait self-confidence in tennis branche athletes in terms of various variables. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 4(6), 57-62.

[12] Kerdijk, C., Van der Kamp, J., & Polman, R. (2016). The influence of the social environment context in stress and coping in sport. Frontiers in Psychology, 7(875), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00875

[13] Moritz, S. E., Feltz, D. L., Fahrbach, K. R., & Mack, D. E. (2000). The relation of self-efficacy measures to sport performance: A meta-analytic review. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 71(3), 280-294. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2000.10608908

[14] Özerkan, K. N. (2004). Spor psikolojisine giriş. Nobel Yayınevi.

[15] Richards, K. (2016). How to be confident and improve your self-image. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

[16] Sivrikaya, M. H., & Ozan, M. (2020). Futbolcuların psikolojik becerilerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(1), 1-12.

[17] Smith, R. E., Schutz, R. W., Smoll, F. L., & Ptacek, J. T. (1995). Development and validation of a multidimensional measure of sport-specific psychological skills: The athletic coping skills ınventory-28. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(4), 379-398. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.17.4.379

[18] Thomas, O., & Mellalieu, S. D. (2008). Stress Management in Applied Sport Psychology. Routledge.

[19] Vealey, R. S. (1986). Conceptualization of sport-confidence and competitive orientation: Preliminary investigation and instrument development. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 8(3), 221-246. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsp.8.3.221

[20] Vurgun, N. (2010). Sporda imgeleme anketinin Türkçeye uyarlanması ve sporda imgelemenin yarışma kaygısı ile sportif güven üzerindeki etkisi. Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sporda Psiko-Sosyal Alanlar Ana Bilim Dalı, İzmir.

[21] Yaylacı, S. T. (2019). Sportif faaliyetlerin 13-14 yaşındaki bireylerin özgüven düzeylerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hitit Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı, Çorum.

[22] Yazıcı, A. (2019). Spor psikolojisinde yeni yaklaşımlar. Akademisyen Kitabevi.

[23] Yıldız, H. (2020). Taekwondo sporcularının psikolojik beceri düzeylerinin incelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Spor Yönetim Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı, Konya.

[24] Yıldız, M. E., & Erhan, S. E. (2019). Kış sporu ile uğraşan sporcuların psikolojik becerilerinin incelenmesi. Uluslararası Egzersiz Psikolojisi Dergisi, 1(1), 24-32.

Investigation of Sportive Self-Confidence and Psychological Skill Levels of Underwater Hockey Athletes

Abstract

Keywords

References

License

Similar articles in this journal

Effects of Mental Training and Cognitive-Motor-Based Life Kinetik Training on Attention and Concentration Performance in Volleyball Players: A Behavioral and Neurofeedback-Task Assessment

Comparison of Scapular Stabilizer Muscle Thickness in Badminton Athletes: An Analysis of the Dominant and Non-Dominant Sides

The Effect of Desire for Being Liked on Intention to Continue Sports: The Mediating Role of Social Media Self-Presentation