Skip to content
e‑ISSN 2148-905X Open Access · CC BY 4.0
Vol. 12 · Issue 1 · 2025 Apr 30, 2025 Research Article

Investigation of Football Fans' Betting Motivations and Love-Hate Relationship

SK
Sercan Kural Corresponding Bartın University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bartın, Türkiye sercankural@hotmail.com Turkey
OÖ
Oğuz Özbek Ankara University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye Turkey
Pages29-44 PublishedApr 30, 2025 LicenseOpen Access
PDF (Türkçe)
VOL 12 · ISS 1 · 2025 Sportive Perspective: Journal of Sports and Educational Sciences View issue

Abstract

The success or failure of sports clubs is among the issues that are given great importance among the fans. Fans can feel proud and happy when their team wins and unhappy when they lose. The happiness of the fans can appear in the form of love towards their own team and hatred towards the opposing team. However, the feelings of love and hate of the fans may be related to betting games. In this context, it was aimed to test the relationship between the love-hate levels of football fans and their motivation to gamling. The study group of the research consists of 261 football fans. In the selection of the study group, the convenience sampling method, one of the purposive sampling approaches, was used. “Gambling Motivation Scale” and “Fan LoveHate Scale” were used as data collection tools in the study. In the analysis of the data obtained, t-test for independent samples, ANOVA and correlation analysis methods were used. Cronbach's Alpha analysis method was used to test the reliability of both scales for the research group. When the comparison results regarding gender were examined, no significant difference was found within the scope of the supporter love hate scale. When the sub-dimensions of the betting motivation scale were examined, a significant difference was found in all sub-dimensions, except for only the sub-dimension of “Extrinsic motivation-inrojected”. In addition, when ANOVA analysis was analyzed according to the variable of gamling, a significant difference was found in all sub-dimensions of the GMS and in the love sub-dimension of the FLHS. Finally, as a result of pearson correlation analysis, it was determined that there was a positive relationship between the love and hate levels of the fans and their motivation to bet. As a result, it can be said that fans' love-hate emotion levels may have an effect on their motivation to gamling.

Keywords

#Betting games #Football fans #Love-hate #Motivation to bet

References

  1. Agha, N., & Tyler, B. D. (2017). An investigation of highly identified fans who bet against their favorite teams. Sport Management Review, 20(3), 296-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2016.09.004
  2. Australian Communications and Media Authority. (2021). Communications and media in Australia: The digital lives of younger Australians. Commonwealth of Australia. https://www.acma.gov.au/publications/2021-05/report/digital-lives-younger-and-older-australians
  3. Auxier, B., & Anderson, M. (2021). Social media use in 2021. Pew Research Center. https://www.acma.gov.au/publications/2021-05/report/digital-lives-younger-and-older-australians
  4. Berument H., Basak Ceylan N., & Ogüt Eker G. (2019). Soccer, stock returns and fanaticism: Evidence from Turkey, The Social Science Journal, 46(3), 594-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2009.06.001
  5. Binde, P. (2014). Gambling in Sweden: The cultural and socio-political context. Addiction, 109(2), 193-198. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12103
  6. Bunn, C., Ireland, R., Minton, J., Holman, D., Philpott, M., & Chambers, S. (2019). Shirt sponsorship by gambling companies in the English and Scottish Premier Leagues: Global reach and public health concerns. Soccer and Society, 20(6), 824-835. https://doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2018.1425682
  7. Chantal, Y., Vallerand, R. J., & Vallieres, E. F. (1994). On the development and validation of the Gambling Motivation Scale. Society and Leisure, 17(1), 189-212.
  8. Chantal, Y., Vallerand, R. J., & Vallieres, E. F. (1995). Motivation and gambling involvement. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135(6), 755-763. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1995.9713978.
  9. Di Censo, G., Delfabbro, P., & King, D. L. (2023). Young people’s perceptions of the effects and value of sports betting inducements. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-023-01173-0
  10. Fang X., & Mowen C. J. (2009).Examining the trait and functional motive antecedents of four gambling activities: slot machines, skilled card games, sports betting, and promotional games. Journal of Consumer Marketing 26(2), 121-131. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760910940483
  11. Funk, D. C., Alexandris, K. & Mcdonald, H. (2016). Sport consumer behaviour: Marketing strategies, Routledge, New York.
  12. Gainsbury, S. M., & Russell, A. (2015). Betting patterns for sports and races: A longitudinal analysis of online wagering in Australia. Journal of Gambling Studies, 31, 17-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-013-9415-4
  13. George, D., & Mallery, P. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference 17.0 update (10th Ed). Pearson.
  14. Gordon, R., Gurrieri, L., & Chapman, M. (2015). Broadening an understanding of problem gambling: The lifestyle consumption community of sports betting. Journal of Business Research, 68(10), 2164-2172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.03.016
  15. Hare, S. (2015). Study of gambling and health in Victoria: Findings from the Victorian prevalence study 2014. Victorian Responsible Gambling Foundation.
  16. Hing, N., Lamont, M., Vitartas, P., & Fink, E. (2015). Sports-embedded gambling promotions: A study of exposure, sports betting intention and problem gambling amongst adults. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 13, 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-014-9519-9
  17. Hing, N., Russell, A. M. T., Lamont, M., & Vitartas, P. (2017). Bet anywhere, anytime: An analysis of Internet sports bettors’ responses to gambling promotions during sports broadcasts by problem gambling severity. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33, 1051-1065. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-017-9671-9
  18. Hing, N., Russell, A. M., Vitartas, P., & Lamont, M. (2016). Demographic, behavioural and normative risk factors for gambling problems amongst sports bettors. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32, 625-641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-015-9571-9
  19. Kalaycı, S. (2005). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. Asil Yayın Dağıtım.
  20. Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Nobel Yayınevi.
  21. Karlı, Ü. (2008). Spor bahisi oynayan üniversite öğrencilerinin bahis oynama güdüleri ve bu öğrencilerin spor bahisi oynamayan öğrencilerden kişisel ve psikolojik farklılıklarının belirlenmesi. Doktora tezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Ana Bilim Dalı, Ankara.
  22. Kural, S., Özbek, O., Gürbüz, B. (2023). Adaptation of the love-hate scale for sports fans into Turkish: A validity and reliability study. Baltic Journal Health Physical Activity. 15(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.29359/BJHPA.15.1.07.
  23. LaBrie, R. A., LaPlante, D. A., Nelson, S. E., Schumann, A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2007). Assessing the playing field: A prospective longitudinal study of internet sports gambling behavior. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23(3), 347-362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-007-9067-3
  24. Lee, K. M., Guo, S., Manning, V., Thane, K., & Wong, K. E. (2011). Are the demographic and clinical features of pathological gamblers seeking treatment in Singapore changing?. Singapore Medical Journal, 52(6), 428-431.
  25. Leng, H. K., Phua, Y. X. P., Pyun, D. Y., Kwon, H. H., & Lin, Y. C. (2022). Differences between gamblers and non-gamblers on sports betting websites. Journal of Gambling Studies, 38(3), 753-766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-021-10065-8
  26. Levitt, S. D. (2004). Why are gambling markets organized so differently from financial markets?, The Economic Journal, 114, 223-246. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2004.00207.x
  27. Lopez-Gonzalez H., Griffiths, M. D., & Estévez, A. (2020a) In-play betting, sport broadcasts, and gambling severity: A survey study of spanish sports bettors on the risks of betting on sport while watching ıt. Communication & Sport, 8(1) 50-71. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479518816338
  28. Lopez-Gonzalez, H., Russell, A. M., Hing, N., Estévez, A., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020b). A cross-cultural study of weekly sports bettors in Australia and Spain. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36(3), 937-955. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-019-09898-1
  29. Na, S., Su, Y., & Kunkel, T. (2019). Do not bet on your favourite football team: the influence of fan identity-based biases and sport context knowledge on game prediction accuracy. European Sport Management Quarterly, 19(3), 396-418 https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2018.1530689
  30. Ne Oldu. (2022). Türkiye’deki yasal canlı bahis-iddiaa siteleri 2022 listesi. https://www.neoldu.com/yasal-canli-bahis-siteleri-37668h.htm.
  31. Nelson, T. F., Richard A. LaBrie, R. A., LaPlante, D. A., Stanton, M., Shaffer, H. J, & Wechsler, H. (2007). Sports betting and other gambling in athletes, fans, and other college students. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 78(4), 271-283, https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2007.10599425
  32. Perez, L., & Humphreys, B. (2013). The ‘who and why’of lottery: Empirical highlights from the seminal economic literature. Journal of Economic Surveys, 27(5), 915-940. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2012.00732.x
  33. Polat E., & Yıldız K. (2021). The efect of gambling motivation of sport spectators on propensity for violence in sport. Journal of Gambling Studies, 37,203-220 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-020-09956-z
  34. Purves, R. J., Critchlow, N., Morgan, A., Stead, M., & Dobbie, F. (2020). Examining the frequency and nature of gambling marketing in televised boradcasts of professional sporting events in the United Kingdom. Public Health, 184, 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.02.012
  35. Raventos, P., & Zolezzi, S. (2011). Sportsbooks and politicians: Place your bet!. Journal of Business Research, 64(3), 299-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2009.11.016
  36. Seal, E., Cardak, B. A., Nicholson, M., Donaldson, A., O’Halloran, P., Randle, E., & Staley, K. (2022). The gambling behaviour and attitudes to sports betting of sports fans. Journal of Gambling Studies, 38(4), 1371-1403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-021-10101-7
  37. Sharman S. (2022) Gambling in football: How much is too much?, Managing Sport and Leisure, 27(1-2), 85-92, https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1811135
  38. Shuv-Ami, A., Toder Alon, A.T., Loureiro, S.M.C., & Kaufmann, H.R. (2020). A new love-hate scale for sports fans. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 21(3), 543-560. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-11-2019-0122
  39. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th Ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
  40. Tajfel, H. (1978). Differentiation between social groups: Studies in the social psychology of ıntergroup relations. Academic Press, London.
  41. Twenge, J. M., Martin, G. N., & Spitzberg, B. H. (2019). Trends in U.S. adolescents’ media use, 1976-2016: The rise of digital media, the decline of TV, and the (near) demise of print. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(4), 329-345. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000203
  42. Vinberg, M., Wetterborg, D., & Enebrink, P. (2021). Gambling at work: A qualitative study of Swedish elite athletes, coaches, and managers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 37(4), 1197-1217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10899-021-10007-4
  43. Wood, R., & Williams, R. (2011). A comparative profile of the ınternet gambler: Demographic characteristics, game play patterns, and problem gambling status. New Media and Society, 13, 1123-1141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444810397650

License

CCBY 4.0
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

This work is openly licensed — share and adapt freely with attribution to the authors and the journal. View license terms ↗

Copyright (c) 2025 Sercan Kural, Oğuz Özbek

§ 06 — Related

Similar articles in this journal

Related peer-reviewed studies published in this journal.
View all issues