Branding Expectations in Sports Fitness Businesses

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70736/spjses.317

Keywords:

Service quality, corporate identity, customer loyalty, sport consumer behavior

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine customer branding expectations in sports fitness centers. Sports fitness centers have rapidly become a preferred sector worldwide, especially with the growing trend of healthy living. The study involved the creation of demographic and survey questions regarding branding preferences. The survey was distributed to current members of sports fitness centers via Google Forms. A total of 134 participants from various age groups, genders, and occupational backgrounds took part. The frequency and percentage distributions of the obtained data, as well as chi-square relationships between demographic information and branding preferences, were analyzed. The participants consisted of 57.5% male and 42.5% female; 81% were university graduates or currently studying; 77.6% were interested in a sport; 38.1% attended fitness centers for health and fitness purposes, 33.6% for bodybuilding, 14.2% for weight loss (fat reduction), 14.2% for gain weight (muscle mass). The study found that 67.9% of participants preferred to join a fitness center with a recognized brand, 63.4% believed branding was associated with high-quality service, and 63.4% felt that branding would increase customer loyalty. The chi-square analysis revealed significant relationships between participants’ perceptions of service quality at branded fitness centers and their gender, as well as between customer loyalty and educational status (p<.05). Based on the study's results, it is evident that participants have branding expectations from sports fitness centers. Participants' expectations of receiving quality service through branding, increasing the corporate identity of the center, correct pricing policy, and widespread sports services through branching are increasing.

References

Aaker, D. (1991). Managing brand equity. The Free Press

Aaker, D. (1996). Building strong brands. The Free Press.

Accenture. (2023). Customer loyalty statistics. https://www.trueloyal.com/resources/loyalty-statistics/?utm_source

Alexandris, K., Douka, S., Papadopoulos, P., & Kaltsatou, A. (2008). Testing the role of service quality on the development of brand associations and brand loyalty. Managing Service Quality, 18(3), 239-254. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520810871865

Bekman, M. (2022). Halkla ilişkiler uygulamalarında nicel araştırma yöntemi: İlişkisel tarama modeli. Meriç Uluslararası Sosyal ve Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6(16), 238-258. https://doi.org/10.54707/meric.1143322

Cotton, R. (2008). Certification update: A question of value. ACSM's Certified News, 18(4).

Crossley, N. (2006). In the gym: Motives, meaning and moral careers. Body & Society, 12(3), 23-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357034X06067154

Davies, M., Hungenberg, E., Aicher, T. J., & Newland, B. L. (2024). Work [out] from home: Examining brand community among connected fitness brand users. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 24(2), 113-136. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSMM.2024.137102

Eurobarometer (2022, Eylül). Sport and physical activity. https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2668

Fortune Business Insights, (2023). Health and fitness club market size, share & COVID-19 impact analysis, by type (personal training, group training, and self-training), by age group (up to 20 years, between 20 and 40 years, 40 to 55 years, and over 55 years), and regional forecast, 2023-2030. https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/health-and-fitness-club-market-108652

Gladden, J., & Funk, D. (2001). Understanding brand loyalty in professional sport: Examining the link between brand association and brand loyalty. International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 3(1), 54-81. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-03-01-2001-B006

Gladden, J., & Funk, D. (2002). Developing an understanding of brand associations in team sport: empirical evidence from consumers of professional sport. Journal of Sport Management, 16(1), 54-81 https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.16.1.54

Gürbüz, B., & Gücal, Ç. (2020). Algılanan hizmet kalitesi ve müşteri bağlılığı arasındaki ilişki: Sağlık ve zindelik kulüpleri örneği. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(3), 180-191. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.742043

Heinze, K. L., Banaszak-Holl, J., & Babiak, K. (2016). Social entrepreneurship in communities: Examining the collaborative processes of health conversion foundations. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 26(3), 313–330. https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.21198

Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K., Walsh, G., & Gremler, D. (2004). Electronic word-of- mouth via consumer-opinion platforms: What motivates consumers to articulate themselves on the Internet? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18(1), 38-52. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.10073

IHRSA (2022). The 2022 IHRSA global report: The state of the health club industry. https://www.healthandfitness.org/2022-ihrsa-global-report-recognizes-fitness-industry-resilience/

Jones, P., Ratten, V., & Hayduk, T. (2020). Sport, fitness, and lifestyle entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16(3), 783-793. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00666-x

Keller, K. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 5(1), 1-22. http://doi.org/10.1177/002224299305700101

Lagrosen, S., & Lagrosen, Y. (2007). Exploring service quality in the health and fitness industry. Managing Service Quality, 17(1), 41-53. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520710720665

León-Quismondo, J. (2022). Socially responsible consumption and marketing in practice: Collection of case studies. In Bhattacharyya J., & Balaji, M. S. & Jiang Y., & Azer, J., & Hewege, C.R. (Eds.), Combating bullying and judgment through socially responsible marketing: the case of planet fitness (pp. 159-176). Springer Nature Singapore.

Low, G., & Lamb, C. (2000). The measurement and dimensionality of brand associations. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 9(6), 350-370. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610420010356966

Ma Chun-lin. (2011). Study on brand development influencing factors and countermeasures of sport fitness club in central city of china. China Sport Science, 31(2), 36-41. https://dx.doi.org/10.16469/j.css.2011.02.009

Myftaraj, E., & Trebicka, B. (2023). Analyzing the impact of loyalty card programs on customer behavior: İnsights from the Albanian market. F1000Research, 12, 1028. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.138185.3

Pedragosa, V. & Correia, A. (2009). Expectations, satisfaction and loyalty in health and fitness clubs. International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, 5(4), 450-464.

Powers, D., & Greenwell, D. (2016). Branded fitness: Exercise and promotional culture. Journal of Consumer Culture, 17(3), 523-541. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540515623606

Richins, M. L. (1983). Negative word-of-mouth by dissatisfied consumers: A pilot study. Journal of Marketing, 47, 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298304700107

Ross, S. (2006). A conceptual framework for understanding spectator-based brand equity. Journal of Sport Management, 20, 22-38. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsm.20.1.22

Rutgers, H., Hollasch K., & Ludwig S. (2022). European health & fitness market report (EHFMR) (9th edition). EuropeActive.

Sports İnternational. (2025). Sports İnternational hizmetleri. https://www.sportsinternational.com.tr/hizmetlerimiz

Tharrett, S., & Peterson, J. (2006). Fitness management. Healthy Learning.

Wallström, S., Hjelm Lidholm, S., & Sundström, M. (2024). Retailers view on customer loyalty - a social resource theory perspective. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 34(4), 399-416. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593969.2023.2287998

Wang, C. Y., & Wu, L. W. (2012). Customer loyalty and the role of relationship length. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 22(1), 58-74. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604521211198119

Williams, A. (2010). Examining the role of brand associations in multipurpose fitness facilities: The relationship between service quality, exercise commitment, brand associations, and brand loyalty. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington. http://gradworks.umi.com/34/39/3439606.html.

Williams, A. S., Rhenwrick, I., Wright, B., Choi, W. Y., Kim, D. Y., & Vickey, T. (2014). Building viable fitness brands: Importance of brand communication strategies in attracting potential health club members. International Journal of Sport Management Recreation & Tourism, 14, 49-68.

Williams, A., Pedersen, P.M., & Walsh, P. (2012). Brand associations in the fitness segment of the sport industry in the united states: Extending spectator sport branding conceptualizations to participatory sport. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 14(1), 29-45. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-14-01-2012-B004

Yacout, O. M. (2010). Service quality, relational benefits, and customer loyalty in a non-western context. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 75(1), 4-16.

Yildiz, K., Polat, E., & Yildiz, S.M. (2021), “The fitness industry in Turkey”. In García-Fernández, J. & Gálvez-Ruiz, P. (Eds.), The global private health & fitness business: A marketing perspective, (pp. 51-57). Emerald Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1108/9781800438507

Published

2025-12-31

How to Cite

Soyguden, A., & Gul, O. (2025). Branding Expectations in Sports Fitness Businesses. Sportif Bakış: Spor Ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(3), 296–307. https://doi.org/10.70736/spjses.317