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e‑ISSN 2148-905X Open Access · CC BY 4.0
Vol. 12 · Issue 3 · 2025 Dec 31, 2025 Research Article

The Relationship Between Perceived Freedom in Leisure, Perceived Health Outcomes and Psychological Resilience: Physical Activities Participants

AS
Anil Siyahtas Corresponding Turkish Football Federation, Istanbul, Türkiye anil.siyahtas@hotmail.com Turkey
DH
Duygu Harmander Demirel Necmettin Erbakan University, Ahmet Keleşoğlu Faculty of Education, Konya, Türkiye Turkey
ES
Emrah Serdar Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Sport Science, Sakarya, Türkiye Turkey
Pages285-295 PublishedDec 31, 2025 LicenseOpen Access
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VOL 12 · ISS 3 · 2025 Sportive Perspective: Journal of Sports and Educational Sciences View issue

Abstract

This study aims to determine the relationships between perceived freedom, perceived health outcomes, and psychological resilience of individuals participating in physical activities. The research sample comprised 449 participants selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted using the Perceived Freedom in Leisure Scale-25 (PFLS-25), the Perceived Health Outcomes of Recreation Scale (PHORS) and the Brief Psychological Resilience Scale (BPRS). Statistical analyses included independent samples t-tests, ANOVA, MANOVA and Pearson correlation tests. The independent t-test results revealed a significant difference in BPRS scores according to gender. ANOVA results revealed a significant difference in PFLS-25 scores according to participants’ weekly frequency of physical activity. MANOVA results indicated that the main effect of weekly physical activity frequency on the subdimensions of PHORS was significant and significant differences were found particularly in the subdimensions of psychological experience realization and ımproved condition. Correlation analyses indicated a low but significant negative relationship between age and the variables of perceived freedom in leisure, realization of psychological experience, and improved condition. Additionally, positive but low correlations were found between BPRS and PFLS-25, as well as between BPRS and all PHORS sub-dimensions. A moderate positive correlation was also observed between PFLS-25 and the sub-dimensions of PHORS.

Keywords

#Perceived freedom in leisure #perceived health outcomes #physical activities participants #psychological resilience

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