Skip to content
e‑ISSN 2148-905X Open Access · CC BY 4.0
Vol. 13 · Issue 3 · 2026 Sep 15, 2026 Research Article

The Effect of Desire for Being Liked on Intention to Continue Sports: The Mediating Role of Social Media Self-Presentation

AM
Ahmet Yavuz Malli Corresponding Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzincan, Türkiye ahmet.malli@erzincan.edu.tr Turkey
KC
Kardelen Cicek Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Institute of Health Sciences, Erzincan, Türkiye Turkey
YC
Yasemin Cakmak Yildizhan Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzincan, Türkiye Turkey
ES
Emrah Secer Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzincan, Türkiye Turkey
Pages306-323 PublishedSep 15, 2026 LicenseOpen Access
PDF
VOL 13 · ISS 3 · 2026 Sportive Perspective: Journal of Sports and Educational Sciences View issue

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the mediating role of social media self-presentation in the relationship between the desire to be liked and the intention to continue sports. This correlational survey study involved 357 students from the faculty of sports sciences. Data were collected using the Desire for Being Liked Scale, The Intention to Continue in Sports Scale, and the Social Media Self-Presentation Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted using AMOS 21 to test the measurement model. Normality tests, pearson correlation analysis, and bootstrap-based regression analysis were then used to test the hypotheses with SPSS 25 and the PROCESS macro developed by Hayes (2022). The study found that the desire to be liked was positively associated with the intention to continue sports, supporting hypothesis 1. According to the bootstrap-based regression analysis, the desire to be liked had a significant effect on social media self-presentation (b=1.155; p<.001). When a mediating variable was added to the model, it was observed that social media self-presentation is a significant predictor of the intention to continue sports (b=.235; p<.01). When the desire for being liked was held constant, it was determined that the direct effect on the intention to continue sports was not significant (c’=.064; p>.05). Finally, it was determined that the indirect effect of the desire to be liked on the intention to continue in sports, mediated by social media self-presentation, was significant (b=.272; 95% CI=.226-.442). The findings indicate that social media self-presentation mediates the relationship between the desire to be liked and the intention to continue sports among students in the faculty of sports sciences.

Keywords

References

  1. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  2. Angrish, K., Oshana, D., & Gammage, K. L. (2024). Flex Friday: A content analysis of men’s fitspiration on Instagram. Body İmage, 48, 101651, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101651
  3. Avcı, Ö., & Hazar, Ç. M. (2024). Sosyal medya benlik sunumu ölçeği: Uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Intermedia International e-Journal, 11(21), 273-288. https://doi.org/10.56133/intermedia.1577197
  4. Aydoğan, H. (2025). Türkiye’de spor motivasyonu araştırmaları: PRISMA yöntemine dayalı sistematik bir derleme (2020-2025). Uluslararası Egzersiz Psikolojisi Dergisi, 7(2), 80-94. https://doi.org/10.51538/intjourexerpsyc.1739738
  5. Aykora, A. F., & Dinçer, U. (2022). Spor bilimlerinde öğrenim gören lisans öğrencilerinin spora bağlılık düzeyleri ve akademik başarılarının incelenmesi. Uluslararası Dağcılık ve Tırmanış Dergisi, 5(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.36415/dagcilik.1132538
  6. Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). The need to belong. Psychological Bulletin, 117(3), 497-529.
  7. Baykan, E., Karadağ, S. N., & Aktaş, H. İ. (2025). Üniversite öğrencilerinin spora bağlılık düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Spor ve Bilim Dergisi, 3(2), 127-143. https://izlik.org/JA55JA53YF
  8. Beauchamp, M. R., Crawford, K. L., & Jackson, B. (2019). Social cognitive theory and physical activity: Mechanisms of behavior change, critique, and legacy. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 42, 110-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.11.009
  9. Boyd, D. M., & Ellison, N. B. (2007). Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 210-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x
  10. Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS. New York: Routledge.
  11. Carr, R. M., Prestwich, A., Kwasnicka, D., Thøgersen-Ntoumani, C., Gucciardi, D. F., Quested, E., ... & Ntoumanis, N. (2019). Dyadic interventions to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour: systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychology Review, 13(1), 91-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2018.1532312
  12. Christensen, L. B., Johnson, R. B., & Turner, L. A. (2015). Araştırma yöntemleri desen ve analiz (Çev. Edt: Aypay, A.) Anı Yayıncılık.
  13. Curtis, R. G., Prichard, I., Gosse, G., Stankevicius, A., & Maher, C. A. (2023). Hashtag fitspiration: Credibility screening and content analysis of Instagram fitness accounts. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 421, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15232-7
  14. Curtis, R. G., Ryan, J. C., Edney, S. M., & Maher, C. A. (2020). Can Instagram be used to deliver an evidence-based exercise program for young women? A process evaluation. BMC Public Health, 20(1), 1506, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09563-y
  15. Dinh, T. C. T., & Lee, Y. (2025). Understanding the psychological drivers of online self-presentation: a survey study on social media exposure, social comparison, social network type and FOMO. BMC Psychology, 13(1), 781, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03117-w
  16. Eichhorn, B. R. (2014). Common method variance techniques. Cleveland State University, Department of Operations & Supply Chain Management. Cleveland, OH: SAS Institute Inc, 1(11), 1-11.
  17. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
  18. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  19. George, D. & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step: A simple guide and reference. New York and London: Routledge.
  20. Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. From The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: The Overlook Press.
  21. Goodyear, V. A., Boardley, I., Chiou, S. Y., Fenton, S. A., Makopoulou, K., Stathi, A., ... & Thompson, J. L. (2021). Social media use informing behaviours related to physical activity, diet and quality of life during COVID-19: a mixed methods study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1333, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11398-0
  22. Gürbüz, S. (2021). Aracı ve düzenleyici etki analizleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  23. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Edinburgh Gate, Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
  24. Hamilton, K., van Dongen, A., & Hagger, M. S. (2020). An extended theory of planned behavior for parent-for-child health behaviors: A meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 39(10), 863-878. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2020.1784420
  25. Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: Guilford Press.
  26. Hayes, A. F., Montoya, A. K., & Rockwood, N. J. (2017). The analysis of mechanisms and their contingencies: PROCESS versus structural equation modelling. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 25(1), 76-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2017.02.001
  27. Kaçay, Z., Seçer, E., Yıldız, N. O., Esentürk, O. K., Talaghir, L. G., Bentea, C. C., ... & Cristea, F. (2026). Enjoyment as a motivational driver of sport continuation: a moderated mediation model of engagement and social support. Frontiers in Psychology, 17, 1813793, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1813793
  28. Kaşıkara, G., & Doğan, U. (2017). Beğenilme arzusu: Ölçek geliştirme, güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.21666/muefd.345573
  29. Kim, H. M. (2024). Fitness self-presentations on social media and the impact of social support on physical activities. Journal of Health Psychology, 29(11), 1281-1297. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591053241233370
  30. Kim, J., Lee, M., Chae, J., Lim, G., Kim, M., & Kim, H. (2025). Exploring automatic approach-avoidance tendencies: The impact of self-relevant social feedback on behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1556034. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1556034
  31. Klier, K., Rommerskirchen, T., & Brixius, K. (2022). # fitspiration: a comparison of the sport-related social media usage and its impact on body image in young adults. BMC Psychology, 10(1), 320, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-01027-9
  32. Köse, B., & Köse, A. (2025). Ragbi sporcularının spora bağlılıkları ile zihinsel dayanıklılıklarının bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Spor Eğitim Dergisi, 9(1), 125-135. https://doi.org/10.55238/seder.1647811
  33. Leary, M. R. (2005). Sociometer theory and the pursuit of relational value: Getting to the root of self-esteem. European Review of Social Psychology, 16(1), 75-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463280540000007
  34. Leary, M. R., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology (32), 1-62. Academic Press.
  35. Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1990). Impression management: A literature review and two-component model. Psychological Bulletin, 107(1), 34-47. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.1.34
  36. Liu, Y., & Lei, K. (2025). Development and validity test of impression management efficacy scale based on self-presentation behavior of Chinese youth on social media. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1494083, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1494083
  37. López-Carril, S., Bae, D., Ribeiro, T., & Alguacil, M. (2025). Social media as a driver of physical activity: a snapshot from sport sciences students. Performance Enhancement & Health, 13(2), 100331, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peh.2025.100331
  38. Maruf, T. I., Manaf, N. H. B. A., Haque, A. K. M. A., & Maulan, S. B. (2021). Factors affecting attitudes towards using ride-sharing apps. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 25(2), 60-70.
  39. Marwick, A., & Boyd, D. (2011). To see and be seen: Celebrity practice on Twitter. Convergence, 17(2), 139-158. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856510394539
  40. Michikyan, M., Dennis, J., & Subrahmanyam, K. (2015). Can you guess who i am? Real, ideal, and false self-presentation on facebook among emerging adults. Emerging Adulthood, 3(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696814532442
  41. Muyidi, A. (2025). Exploring how social media usage shapes self-presentation strategies among Saudi young adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1562917, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1562917
  42. Nadkarni, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). Why do people use Facebook?. Personality and İndividual Differences, 52(3), 243-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.007
  43. Nesi, J., Rothenberg, W. A., Bettis, A. H., Massing-Schaffer, M., Fox, K. A., Telzer, E. H., ... & Prinstein, M. J. (2022). Emotional responses to social media experiences among adolescents: Longitudinal associations with depressive symptoms. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 51(6), 907-922. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2021.1955370
  44. Nieboer, A. P., & Cramm, J. M. (2019). Enabling and disabling behaviors in the social environment are associated with physical activity of older people in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 361, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6670-z
  45. Özkurt, B., Altın, Y., Eskiler, E., & Küçükibiş, H. F. (2025). Spora devam etme niyeti ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi: Madde tepki kuramı ve klasik test kuramına dayalı geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 23(2), 26-48. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1593920
  46. Papacharissi, Z. (2002). The presentation of self in virtual life: Characteristics of personal home pages. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 79(3), 643-660. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900207900307
  47. Patton, M. Q. (2015). Sampling, qualitative (purposeful). the blackwell encyclopedia of sociology. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781405165518.wbeoss012.pub2
  48. Podsakoff, P. M., Podsakoff, N. P., Williams, L. J., Huang, C., & Yang, J. (2024). Common method bias: It's bad, it's complex, it's widespread, and it's not easy to fix. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 11(1), 17-61. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-110721-040030
  49. Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879
  50. Rebar, A. L., Alfrey, K.-L., & Gardner, B. (2021). Theories of physical activity motivation. In Zenko, Z. & Jones, L. (Eds.), Essentials of exercise and sport psychology: An open access textbook (pp. 15-36). Society for Transparency, Openness, and Replication in Kinesiology. https://doi.org/10.51224/B1002
  51. Rhodes, R. E., & Brennan, C. (2026). Closing the gap between physical activity intentions and sustained behavior: An overview of evidence. Exercise, Sport, and Movement, 4(1), e00059, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1249/ESM.0000000000000059
  52. Rhodes, R. E., & Kates, A. (2015). Can the affective response to exercise predict future motives and physical activity behavior? A systematic review of published evidence. Annals of Behavioral medicine, 49(5), 715-731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-015-9704-5
  53. Rhodes, R. E., Janssen, I., Bredin, S. S., Warburton, D. E., & Bauman, A. (2017). Physical activity: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions. Psychology & Health, 32(8), 942-975. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2017.1325486
  54. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860
  55. Salinas-Quiroz, F., Domínguez-Espinosa, A. D. C., & Mercado, S. P. R. (2023). Impact of attachment styles, need for social approval, and emotional regulation on mental health: A parallel mediation model. Revista de Psicología, 41(1), 269-305. https://doi.org/10.18800/psico.202301.011
  56. Sherman, L. E., Payton, A. A., Hernandez, L. M., Greenfield, P. M., & Dapretto, M. (2016). The power of the like in adolescence: Effects of peer influence on neural and behavioral responses to social media. Psychological Science, 27(7), 1027-1035. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797616645673
  57. Stragier, J., Vanden Abeele, M., Mechant, P., & De Marez, L. (2016). Understanding persistence in the use of online fitness communities: Comparing novice and experienced users. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.013
  58. Tang, M., Peng, B., Chen, W., Liu, Y., Wang, H., & Yu, T. (2025). The mechanism of how adolescents’ physical self-esteem and psychological resilience influence sports participation: the chain mediating roles of exercise motivation and social support. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 17(1), 270, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-025-01315-y
  59. Teixeira, P. J., Carraça, E. V., Markland, D., Silva, M. N., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: A systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 78, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-78
  60. Toma, C. L., & Hancock, J. T. (2013). Self-affirmation underlies Facebook use. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(3), 321-331. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167212474694
  61. Vogel, E. A., Rose, J. P., Roberts, L. R., & Eckles, K. (2014). Social comparison and self-esteem. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 3(4), 206-222. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000047
  62. Xiao, X., Huang, D., & Li, G. (2025). The impact of fitness social media use on exercise behavior: the chained mediating role of intrinsic motivation and exercise intention. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1635912, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1635912
  63. Yang, J. W. (2025). How does fitness-related social media use influences exercise intention? A moderated mediation model within the theory of planned behavior framework. Acta Psychologica, 261, 105958, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105958
  64. Yin, H., Huang, X., & Zhou, G. (2024). An empirical investigation into the impact of social media fitness videos on users’ exercise intentions. Behavioral Sciences, 14(3), 157, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14030157
  65. Zhao, Z., Li, R., Ying, Z., & Yang, A. (2025). The bidirectional relationship between physical exercise and social self-efficacy: a cross-lagged model analysis of the mediating role of peer acceptance. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1701902, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1701902

License

CCBY 4.0
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

This work is openly licensed — share and adapt freely with attribution to the authors and the journal. View license terms ↗

§ 06 — Related

Similar articles in this journal

Related peer-reviewed studies published in this journal.
View all issues